"Fine Designs" from Italy: Montessori Education and the Reggio Approach

Montessori education and its scientific basis

Italians have always revered the arts and promoted the infusion of beauty and fi ne design into the quality of everyday life. Perhaps it is this distinctive cultural fl air, revealed in fi elds such as architecture, painting, interior design, graphics, fashion, and cuisine, that has infl uenced Italy also to become a giant in the fi eld of early childhood education. In the 20th century, Italy h...

Three Approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia

1 Play and the Hundred Languages of Children

A student of children’s folkways, Italian author and teacher Lella Gandini is best known in the United States as the leading advocate for the Reggio Emilia approach to early-childhood education, which emerged after the Second World War in Northern Italy—in the town that gives this approach its name. Gandini’s many publications in English and Italian include volumes on early-childhood education ...

Instrumental Texture Properties of Spanish Turrón, Italian Torrone and French Nougat

The characteristic texture of turrón, torrone and nougat was examined. They are typical European confections prepared from almonds, honey, sugars and/or chocolate. Three different instrumental tests: puncture, cutting, and Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), were used in this study and samples prepared from three countries (Spain, Italy, and France), and by six manufacturing companies (two companie...

Instrumental texture properties of Spanish Turrón, Italian Torrone and French Nougat

The characteristic texture of turrón, torrone and nougat was examined. They are typical European confections prepared from almonds, honey, sugars and/or chocolate. Three different instrumental tests: puncture, cutting, and Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), were used in this study and samples prepared from three countries (Spain, Italy, and France), and by six manufacturing companies (two companie...